Regulation of Bile Acid Synthesis by the Nuclear Receptor Rev-erbα

Background & Aims: Conversion into bile acids represents an important route to remove excess cholesterol from the body. Rev-erbα is a nuclear receptor that participates as one of the clock genes in the control of circadian rhythmicity and plays a regulatory role in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. Here, we investigate a potential role for Rev-erbα in the control of bile acid metabolism via the regulation of the neutral bile acid synthesis pathway. Methods: Bile acid synthesis and CYP7A1 gene expression were studied in vitro and in vivo in mice deficient for or over expressing Rev-erbα. Results: Rev-erbα-deficient mice display a lower synthesis rate and an impaired excretion of bile acids into the bile and feces. Expression of CYP7A1, the rate-limiting enzyme of the neutral pathway, is decreased in livers of Rev-erbα-deficient mice, whereas adenovirus-mediated hepatic Rev-erbα overexpression induces its expression. Moreover, bile acid feeding resulted in a more pronounced suppression of hepatic CYP7A1 expression in Rev-erbα-deficient mice. Hepatic expression of E4BP4 and the orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP), both negative regulators of CYP7A1 expression, is increased in Rev-erbα-deficient mice. Promoter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that SHP and E4BP4 are direct Rev-erbα target genes. Finally, the circadian rhythms of liver CYP7A1, SHP, and E4BP4 messenger RNA levels were perturbed in Rev-erbα-deficient mice. Conclusions: These data identify a role for Rev-erbα in the regulatory loop of bile acid synthesis, likely acting by regulating both hepatic SHP and E4BP4 expression.