A comparison of PMP-based Energy Management Strategies for Plug-in-Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Abstract This paper presents a comparison of energy management strategies based on Pon-tryagin’s Minimums Principle (PMP). The fuel consumption of Plug-in-Hybrid Electric Vehicles is minimized by considering the power split and electrical driving decision as optimization variables. This paper discusses the trade-off between optimality and computational efficiency of analytical and map-based PMP methods. Thereby a decision guidance for further research is presented which evaluates the discussed methods by contrasting fuel consumption, state of charge trajectory, power split and engine on/off decision and computational efficiency.