Consumo alimentar e adequação nutricional de adultos com obesidade

Introducao: Com as mudancas do perfil epidemiologico e nutricional da populacao faz-se necessario estudar o consumo alimentar para esclarecer associacoes entre dieta e doencas, como a obesidade. Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo alimentar e adequacao nutricional, em adultos com obesidade. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 50 pacientes, entre 18 e 60 anos, atendidos em um Hospital Universitario. Realizou-se afericao de peso e estatura, para o calculo do Indice de Massa Corporal; avaliacao da composicao corporal, por bioimpedância; avaliacao de consumo alimentar, utilizando o Recordatorio de 24h. A adequacao de macronutrientes, a partir das recomendacoes da Organizacao Mundial de Saude, e para fibras a partir da Dietary Reference Intakes. Resultados e discussao: A media de Indice de Massa Corporal foi de 37,33 kg/m2. Quanto a composicao corporal, o valor medio, em Kg, para massa gorda e massa de musculo esqueletico foi de 43,55 e 31,78, respectivamente. Na avaliacao do consumo alimentar, encontrou-se valores medios de 1.937,28 Kcal, consumo abaixo do recomendado para carboidratos (51,25%), acima para proteinas (19,94%), adequado para lipideos (28,31%) e abaixo do recomendado de fibras para homens (27,52g) e acima para as mulheres (38,20g). Conclusao: A ingestao energetica, de macronutrientes e fibras nao tem a capacidade de explicar sozinhos o estado nutricional da populacao em estudo, ja que fatores hormonais, psicologicos e de atividade fisica podem levar ao quadro de obesidade, no entanto, fica caracterizada uma dieta hiperproteica, com reducao do consumo de carboidratos e pobre em fibras para os homens e elevado para as mulheres. ABSTRACT Food consumption and nutritional adequacy of adults with obesity Introduction: With changes in the epidemiological and nutritional profile of the world population it is necessary to study food consumption to clarify associations between diet and diseases such as obesity. Objective: To evaluate dietary intake and its nutritional adequacy in obese adults. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study with 50 patients, aged between 18 and 60 years, attended at a University Hospital. Weight and height were measured, for the calculation of Body Mass Index; body composition was evaluated by bioimpedance; food consumption evaluation, using the 24-hour recall. The macronutrients adequacy based on the recommendations of the Organization World Health Organization, and for fibers from the Dietary Reference Intakes. Results and discussion: The mean Body mass index was 37.33 kg / m2. Regarding body composition, the mean value in kg for fat mass and lean skeletal muscle  was 43.55 and 31.78, respectively. In the food evaluation, we found mean values of 1,937.28 Kcal, below the recommended for carbohydrates (51,25%), above recommended for proteins (19,94%), suitable for lipids (28,31%) and below recommended fiber for men (27.52g) and above for women (38.20g). Conclusion: The energy intake, macronutrients and fibers do not have the capacity to explain themselves the nutritional status of the study population, since hormonal, psychological and physical activity factors might lead to obesity, however, a hyperproteic diet has been characterized, with a reduction in the carbohydrate consumption and low in fiber for men and high for women.