Resistant and undertreated hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease: data from the PATRIOTIC survey

ABSTRACTBackground: Hypertension is prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the control of hypertension is suboptimal. We reported the prevalence and characteristics of resistant and undertreated hypertension based on a nationwide survey aiming to improve blood pressure (BP) control. Methods: Resistant hypertension (RH) was defined as BP above the target (<140/90 mm Hg) despite the use of 3 antihypertensive drugs or achieving the target BP by using ≥4 antihypertensive drugs. Undertreated hypertension was defined as uncontrolled hypertension (unCH) using ≤2 drugs. We compared the characteristics and antihypertensive treatment among different groups (including RH and unCH using ≤2 drugs). Multivariable logistic regression was used to detect factors associated with unCH using ≤2 drugs and RH. Results: 4,435 nondialysis CKD patients with hypertension were analyzed, and 36.9% of participants achieved controlled hypertension (CH) using ≤3 drugs, 11.1% met the criteria for RH, and 52% had unCH despite the...