NONINVASIVE BIOMARKERS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER

α-methyl-acyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR); prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA); Abstract: Prostate cancer is responsible for 3% of all deaths in the Western world in men over 55 years old. Molecular biomarkers represent an important diagnostic tool in prostate cancer, because at a specific stage, they reflect the physiologic state of a cell and might be vital for the identification of early prostate cancer and subjects at risk of developing this disease. Many biomarkers have been described in human serum, urine, seminal fluid and histological specimens that exhibit varying capacities to detect prostate cancer, to monitor the disease progression, help in predicting the disease recurrence and therapeutic treatment efficacy.