Surface-Independent Direct-Projected Augmented Reality

Some issues on direct-projected augmented reality (DirectAR) are addressed: the projection may be geometrically distorted due to the non-planar surface (geometric distortion); the projection cannot be seen to user as intended because the position of the projector is not the same as that of the user's viewpoint (viewpoint-ignorant projection); the projection may be modulated by surface color (radiometric distortion); the projected area may not have uniform brightness when the projection is obliquely headed for the surface (uneven projection). We propose an integrated framework for handling all the problems. Experimental results demonstrate that the problems unavoidable in surface-independent DirectAR can be successfully resolved.