A case report of squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

We report a staghorn renal calculus case with squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. A 77-year-old woman was followed-up at our institution for 3 years for lower right ureter stone and right staghorn calculus. She was admitted to our hospital complaining of right flank pain and a discharging abscess in her lower back 2 months after a bicycle accident. Radiological evaluations lad to the diagnosis of a large right renal abscess. Although daily percutaneous drainage had previously been performed, her general condition did not improve. Diagnosing a renal abscess, we performed nephro-ureterectomy and retroperitoneal irrigation. Pathological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Although three courses of cisplatin and fluorouracil (5FU) chemotherapy were administered, the patient had a remarkable degree of leukocytosis despite no obvious focus of infection, with aggravated local recurrence of the tumor. The patient died 6 months after surgery. A summary of our case and a review of the literature are presented.