Cascaded Interleaved DC–DC Converter Designed for Grid-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Grid Technologies

This paper presents a study of a cascaded bidirectional interleaved DC–DC converter applied to an electric charging station, which uses grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies. In this context, the interleaved technique is used to reduce the current ripple through the battery of the electric vehicle (EV), which can also absorb or deliver power to the microgrid. Additionally, the small-signal technique is also employed to calculate the gains of the PI controllers for charging and discharging the EV battery. Finally, this paper presents a set of simulations using the software PSIM® and experimental results using a low-cost hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) to support the theoretical study and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.