Melanomacrophage Centers and Hepatosomatic Index in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterigii: Cyprinidae) Introduced to the East and West Sites of Laguna de Bay, Philippines

The importance of Laguna de Bay in Luzon, Philippines as a natural resource necessitates routine monitoring of its environmental quality. In addition to water quality tests, however, there should also be a focus on the impact of existing conditions on the aquatic biota. There is currently a paucity of published data on the biologic impact of pollutants in the lake. The present study measured the biomarkers of exposure to pollution, namely, hepatic melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) and hepatosomatic index (HSI), in male common carps (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus, 1758) caged for 30 days along the east and west bay of the lake. In comparison to the reference group, caged fsh exhibited a greater number of MMCs (p Key words: common carp, Cyprinus carpio, hepatosomatic index, melanomacrophage centers, Laguna de Bay, Philippines