A prospective randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with UFT for head and neck carcinoma. Head and Neck UFT Study Group

: A prospective randomized trial was performed in 67 institutions for the purpose to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after radical treatment of head and neck carcinoma. A comparison was made between the following two groups; one-year oral administration of UFT, 300 mg/day, after radical treatment (UFT group); and a non-treatment group. Patients were classified under the following three categories; 1) stage II-IV, receiving radical surgery; 2) stage II, receiving radical radiotherapy; and 3) nasopharyngeal cancer. The numbers of cases were 424, 111 and 25, respectively, and they were randomized into two groups. The numbers of eligible cases were 398, 105 and 25, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed in the cases receiving radical surgery and in those receiving radical radiotherapy. As the results, in cases receiving radical surgery no significant difference was observed in 3-year survival rates (77.9% for UFT group vs 72.9% for non-treatment group) or 3-year relapse-free rates (73.4% for UFT group vs 66.2% for non-treatment group) between the two groups. However, the distant relapse rate was significantly lower in the UFT group than in the non-treatment group (7.9% vs 14.6%; p = 0.034). In the cases receiving radical radiotherapy, no significant differences was observed in either 3-year survival rates or 3-year relapse-free rates. Thus it was suggested that UFT maintenance therapy might suppress the distant metastasis after radical surgery. We considered a further confirmative trial for patients at high risk of distant metastasis after radical surgery to be advisable.