Pre-evaluation of humoral immune response of Bactrian camels by the quantification of Th2 cytokines using real-time PCR.

With the increasing immunological studies on camels due to the advantage of their single-chain antibodies for humanizations, it is demanding to develop an easy-to-handle evaluation method of their humoral immune response before proceeding with immunization of foreign antigens that may be toxic to camels. In this study, we quantitatively determined the expression levels of T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines in peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from Bactrian camels by real-time PCR. The recorded kinetic profiles resulting from the immunization of ovalbumin (OVA) indicated that after immunization, Th2 cytokines including interleukin (IL) families such as IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 in the camels were up-regulated by a factor of 1.78, 3.15, and 1.22, respectively, which was validated by traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Unlike ELISA which requires specific enzyme-labeled antibodies, this established method based on the minimal amount of blood samples holds an advantage in the preliminary evaluation of camel humoral immune response with desirable precision, which is meaningful for biomedical explorations of camel-derived antibodies.