Effect of Female Leadership, Bod Gender Diversity, and Gender Equality on Competitive Advantage: Comparison of Male Dominated Industry and Non-Male Dominated Industry

Firms have been trying to possess their own competitive advantage to have edge in competition. In recent years female leaders has been emerging especially in Indonesia. Previous researches showed female leadership, Board of Director’s (BOD) gender diversity, and gender equality have positive effect on competitive advantage. These researches were performed in different countries, and this research was performed in Indonesia. This research gathered 102 samples in Director level to compare male dominated industry and non-male dominated industry regarding female leadership, BOD gender diversity, and gender equality effect on competitive advantage. Partial least square method was used to test the model. In male dominated industry, gender equality has significant positive effect on competitive advantage while in non-male dominated industry, female leadership has significant positive effect on competitive advantage. These results showed that in male dominated industry, firms must improve their gender equality. In non-male dominated industry, firms can develop their female leadership to have competitive advantage.