Evaluation of cellular influences caused by calcium carbonate nanoparticles
2014
Abstract The cellular effects of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) nanoparticles were evaluated. Three kinds of CaCO 3 nanoparticles were employed in our examinations. One of the types of CaCO 3 nanoparticles was highly soluble. And solubility of another type of CaCO 3 nanoparticle was lower. A stable CaCO 3 nanoparticle medium dispersion was prepared and applied to human lung carcinoma A549 cells and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Then, mitochondrial activity, cell membrane damage, colony formation ability, DNA injury, induction of oxidative stress, and apoptosis were evaluated. Although the influences of CaCO 3 nanoparticles on mitochondrial activity and cell membrane damage were small, “soluble” CaCO 3 nanoparticles exerted some cellular influences. Soluble CaCO 3 nanoparticles also induced a cell morphological change. Colony formation was inhibited by CaCO 3 nanoparticle exposure. In particular, soluble CaCO 3 nanoparticles completely inhibited colony formation. The influence on intracellular the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was small. Soluble CaCO 3 nanoparticles caused an increase in C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) expression and the activation of caspase-3. Moreover, CaCO 3 exposure increased intracellular the Ca 2+ level and activated calpain. These results suggest that cellular the influences of CaCO 3 nanoparticles are mainly caused by intracellular calcium release and subsequently disrupt the effect of calcium signaling. In conclusion, there is possibility that soluble CaCO 3 nanoparticles induce cellular influences such as a cell morphological change. Cellular influence of CaCO 3 nanoparticles is caused by intracellular calcium release. If inhaled CaCO 3 nanoparticles have the potential to influence cellular events. However, the effect might be not severe because calcium is omnipresent element in cell.
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