Degradation kinetics of glucuronic acid in subcritical water.

The degradation kinetics of glucuronic acid (GlcA) under subcritical conditions from 160 to 200 °C was studied in a continuous tubular reactor. The formation of glucuronolactone (GlcL) during the treatment of GlcA in subcritical water was substantiated by ESI-TOF-MS and 1H NMR. The degradation of GlcA consisted of the reversible conversion of GlcA to GlcL and the irreversible degradation of the two compounds. The changes in the concentrations of GlcA and GlcL with residence time could be described by first-order kinetics. Higher temperatures accelerated the degradation of GlcA, and thus resulted in rises in the pH value. The degradation reaction of GlcL under the same conditions was also investigated. The activation energy of the reverse hydrolysis of GlcA to GlcL and that of the hydrolysis of GlcL to GlcA were determined to be 88.5 and 63.2 kJ/mol respectively. The enthalpy change in the reversible conversion between GlcA and GlcL was 25.4 kJ/mol.