Properties of a lacustrine subbituminous (k1) seam, with special reference to the contact metamorphism, Soma-Turkey

Abstract The subbituminous K1 seam in the Middle Miocene Soma Formation of western Turkey reaches a thickness of 24 m. Typical samples on an air-dried basis have 9.5–14.2% moisture, 4.3–13.8% ash and 0.57–2.54% total sulphur. The coal rank parameters and non-agglomerating behaviour show that the coals are of subbituminous A rank. The k1 seam is huminite-rich coal with a mean random ulminite reflectance (%Rr) between 0.46 and 0.49%. Fluorescence emission measurements show that the sporinite, cutinite, resinite and alginite present have typical fluorescence spectra between 460 and 700 nm. The Soma Formation was intruded by an olivine basalt during the Pliocene-Pleistocene, which caused local contact metamorphism at the top of the k1 seam. On the basis of proximate, ultimate and petrographic analyses the intruded seam can be divided into normal coal, transition zone and natural coke intervals, each differing in their degree of metamorphism. Moisture, volatile matter, hydrogen and oxygen contents very rapidly decrease close to the contact point with the intrusion, whilst calorific value, carbon content and mean random reflectance value increase. A diagram ofO/C versus H/C also shows a distinct increase in rank caused by the intrusion. Minor illite, siderite and plagioclase feldspar are present in the natural coke samples, butpyrrhotite is not observed. Mineralogical, geochemical and reflectance studies indicate that the general temperature during formation of natural coke was probably relatively low (