Induction of HIV mucosal immunity at distal sites after encapsulation of NOD1 and NOD2 ligands in biodegradable nanocarriers

Background The use of TLR ligands as mucosal adjuvant for vaccine administration is already largely described; wherease the use of NOD-like receptors ligands is still investigated. As activation of intracytoplasmic NOD like-receptors is able to induce production of pro-inflammatory molecules, we have evaluated if their co-delivery into biodegradable nanocarriers carrying HIV-Gag antigens could amplify the mucosal immune responses in mice at the vaginal and intestinal (HIV replication site)