Effect of antiviral treatment in patients with chronic HCV infection and t(14;18) translocation

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) may be associated with the mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). The t(14;18) translocation may play a pathogenetic role. Limited data are available regarding the effects of antiviral therapy on rearranged B-cell clones. We evaluated the effects of interferon and ribavirin on serum, B-lymphocyte HCV RNA, and t(14; 18) in 30 HCV + , t(14;18) + patients without either mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome or other LPDs. The t(14;18) translocation was analyzed by both bcl-2 /J H polymerase chain reaction and bcl-2 /J H junction sequencing in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in all patients. Fifteen untreated patients with comparable characteristics served as controls. Throughout the study, the presence or absence of both t(14;18) and HCV RNA sequences were, in most cases, associated in the same cell samples. At the end of treatment, t(14;18) was no longer detected in 15 patients (50%) with complete or partial virologic response, whereas it was persistently detected in nonresponders ( P + patients and that this phenomenon may be related, at least in part, to the antiviral effect of therapy. This in turn suggests that antiviral treatment may help prevent or treat HCV-related LPDs.