Clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae in adult patients in Mexico

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors and clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult patients in Mexico. Streptococcus pneumoniae classified as the causative agent of CAP in adult patients and patients with invasive S. pneumoniae isolates presented to three tertiary teaching hospitals during the 15-year study period were selected. Serotyping and susceptibility testing were performed for all included isolates. Clinical and demographic data were recorded. A total of 96 patients infected with S. pneumoniae (71 with CAP, 25 with invasive disease) were included. The CAP group involved more males (74.6%) than the invasive disease group ( p  = 0.03). Head trauma was more common in the CAP group (21.1%) than in the invasive disease group (4.0%; p  = 0.03). The most prevalent serotype was 19A, followed by serotypes 3 and 23F. After the introduction of the heptavalent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7), the prevalence of included serotypes declined significantly; no such change was found after the introduction of the PCV13 vaccine, including in the prevalence of serotype 19A. Susceptibility to all antimicrobials tested except vancomycin declined over the study period. In conclusion, head trauma was the most common comorbidity in the CAP group. The most prevalent serotype was 19A. Decreased susceptibility to most antimicrobials tested was observed.