Surface characterization of rapidly grown TiO2 nanotubes assisted by field supporting effect

This study examines the electrochemical anodization of Ti foils in the presence of oxalic acid and malonic acid as field supporting agents. Notably, these additional electrolyte constituents are found to have a strong influence in the formation of TiO2 nanotubes. These nanotubes were also found to possess good crystallinity and better surface morphology. Interestingly, the TiO2 nanotubes grown showed hydrophobic behavior.