Female-solicited extrapair matings in Humboldt penguins fail to produce extrapair fertilizations

Michael K. Schwartz,a,b Daryl J. Boness,a Catherine M. Schaeff,b Patricia Majluf,c Elizabeth A. Perry,a and Robert C. Fleischera aDepartment of Zoological Research, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20008, USA, bDepartment of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington, DC 20016, USA, and cWildlife Conservation Society, Paul de Beaudiez 520, Lima 27, Peru