Genome Editing in Cancer Research and Cure

With the advent of genome-editing technologies, targeting genome engineering is no longer a hypothetical abstract. As application area of genome-editing tools is extending beyond the limits of research and biomedical remedies, specific ethical apprehensions are prevalent around the global community about the appropriate scope of genome-editing tools to be used. Genome-editing tools, i.e., meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas system), accelerate cancer research not only in its base study as well as in its cure by dissecting the mechanism of tumor development, categorizing targets for drug progression, and identifying arm cells for cell-dependent therapies. Current applications of cancer research and cure are discussed in this chapter. Moreover, it has also been discussed that genome editing is the possible cause of enhancing the risk of cancer development.