Determining Older Adults' Fitness-to-Drive: Comparing the Standard On-road Driving Evaluation and the Naturalistic Driving Observation

ABSTRACTAims: An older adult's on-road driving performance could be assessed by two different approaches, namely, the standard on-road driving evaluation (SODE) and the naturalistic driving observation (NDO). This paper aims to compare the SODE and the NDO approaches using the person–occupation–environment model, to improve clinicians' reasoning when choosing an appropriate approach for older drivers. Methods: A reflective review of the literature was used to evaluate the features of these two approaches. Results: During the SODE, driving capacity is examined in a controlled condition using predetermined driving maneuvers, routes, and vehicles that may be unfamiliar. In contrast, during the NDO, an older adult's driving competence is evaluated in the driver's everyday driving environment and vehicle with minimum interference. The limitations of each approach are discussed. Conclusions: Clinicians should make insightful choices based on the purpose of the evaluation and the understanding of the specific qu...