Qualite et vitesse de decomposition des litieres des principaux arbustes natifs de la savane humide au centre de la Cote d’Ivoire

2021 
Cette etude a ete conduite en zone de savane humide de Cote d’Ivoire pour evaluer la qualite et la vitesse de decomposition des litieres de feuilles de trois especes d’arbustes dominantes: Crossopteryx febrifuga, Terminalia schimperiana et Piliostigma thonningii et la contribution des termites dans ce processus. La vitesse de decomposition a ete suivie pendant six mois dans des sachets (Litterbags) puis le coefficient de decomposition k a ete determine. La contribution des termites a ete estimee a travers la quantite de sol « termitique » deposee sur les sachets. Les resultats montrent que les teneurs des litieres en C, N, K et Mg etaient plus eleves avec C. febrifuga qu’avec P. thonningii et T. schimperiana respectivement. Le rapport N/P suivait exactement la meme tendance. La teneur en P n’a pas varie significativement avec les especes. Les rapports C/N et C/P n’ont pas non plus varie significativement. La concentration de Ca des litieres etait plus elevee avec P. thonningii. La densite surfacique des litieres (caracteristique physique) etait plus elevee avec P. thonningii qu’avec les autres especes. La decomposition des litieres de T. schimperiana (0,64 mois-1) etait plus rapide que celles de C. febribuga (0,52 mois-1) et de P. thonningii (0,39 mois-1). L’activite des termites etait plus importante sous les litieres les plus denses (P. thonningii). L’espece C. febrifuga est apparue comme ayant le meilleur potentiel d’amelioration de la fertilite du sol.   English title: Quality and decomposition rate of native shrub species’ leaf litters in a wet savanna in central Cote d’Ivoire This study was conducted in Central Cote d’Ivoire, aimed to assess the quality and rate of decomposition of the dominant native shrub species’ leaf litters, namely Crossopteryx febrifuga, Terminalia schimperiana and Piliostigma thonningii and the termite’s contribution in this process. Investigations took place in the Lamto Natural Reserve, including five replicate trees per species. Leaf litters were left to decompose in litterbags for six months and then, the decomposition coefficient (k) was determined. The termites’ contribution to decomposition was estimated by the amount of soil they deposited on the litterbags. Results showed that higher leaf litter C, N, K and Mg concentrations were associated with C. febrifuga compared to P. thonningii and T. schimperiana, respectively. The N/P ratio followed the same order. Litter P, C/N and C/P ratios did not varied across species. Higher litter Ca was observed with P. thonningii. Litter surface area was higher with P. thonningii compared to the other two species while decomposition was faster with T. schimperiana (k = 0.64 month-1) followed by C. febribuga (k = 0.52 month-1) and P. thonningii (0.39 months-1). The contribution of the termites to decomposition were found to be greater on high surface area-leaf litters, supposedly more ligneous (P. thonningii). These results suggest that C. febrifuga holds a greater ability to improve soil fertility.
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