Biomechanical analysis of a radial functionally graded dental implant–bone system under multi-directional dynamic loads

Development of new biomaterials such as FGBMs for dental clinical implant applications have been recently attracted a lot of attention due to their advantages and abilities in satisfying both mechanical and biocompatibility properties simultaneously. Drawing inspiration from the geometry of a real dental implant system, and using the properties of radial functionally graded biomaterials, a model was investigated to fabricate the artificial FGBM dental implant under periodic dynamic loads. The investigation is done using a finite element analyzer, and the problem is solved under the actual bone geometry, constraints, conditions and combined dynamic loads. The effects of radial FGBM dental implants on the stress and deformation values near the dental implant–bone interface under periodic dynamic loads are simulated. Response characteristics of FGBM implant models with different heterogeneous biomaterial parameters are determined and compared to the behavior of conventional titanium and titanium coated by a film of hydroxyapatite implants. The results show that using radial FGBM dental implants can improve the mechanical behaviors of dental implant systems regarding stress and deformation. It was also found that FGBM parameters can play an essential role in achieving an efficient biomechanical function in those systems.