Iron-Loss and Magnetization Dynamics in Non-Oriented Electrical Steel: 1-D Excitations Up to High Frequencies

This paper presents a thorough introduction to and application of the Parametric Magneto-Dynamic (PMD) model of soft magnetic steel sheets. The theoretical background is reviewed, and two different ways are discussed to account for the viscosity-like effects originating from microscopic eddy currents. This is followed by the theoretical calculation of magnetization dynamics and dynamic hysteresis loops in Non-Oriented (NO) electrical steel. Both classical and viscosity-extended approaches are discussed, with respect to the ability of replicating the dynamic hysteresis loop shape and iron-loss under sinusoidal excitation waveforms up to high excitation frequencies. Comparisons against measurements are analyzed for M400-50A and M235-35A NO electrical steel over a wide range of magnetic flux density and excitation frequencies. The proven accuracy and efficiency of the PMD model make it a valuable tool for the calculation of iron losses in electrical machines and transformers, as well as for an in-depth study of magnetization dynamics in individual laminations.