Microtools for Microsurgery of a Single Cell in Field of Cellular Engineering

Almost all main problems of natural science lead to necessity of studying the processes occurring in single cell. At present intensive work is going on in order to improve the technology of reconstruction of cells, and after that of the whole organism. At the level of an individual cell it is possible to change its biochemical processes, its physiology and morphology, its genetic status. Microsurgery of a single cell, replacing its elements, the introduction of foreign genetic material makes this area of medicine, agriculture, basic and experimental biology especially relevant. Appearance in the hands of microsurgeon of a single cell of the new microtools that have the ability of active interference in functioning of the cell without causing a significant damage to it have changed the experimental biology. The cellular engineering solves a wide range of problems, extensively using microsurgical methods and approaches, which include microinjection into the cell and its organelles for nuclear transfer and transfer of the individual chromosomes, transgenesis, dividing of early preimplantation embryos for twinning, etc.