Changes in serum hepcidin levels in children with inflammatory bowel disease during anti‐inflammatory treatment

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare changes in serum hepcidin levels in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease during therapy and correlate them with markers of iron metabolism, inflammation and type of treatment. METHODS: Children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were included in this longitudinal study. Blood and stool samples were collected to assess levels of serum hepcidin and markers of iron metabolism parameters and inflammation. The parameters were examined before treatment (baseline levels) and compared with levels in the follow-up period during maintenance therapy (mean follow-up of 39 months after diagnosis). RESULTS: Patients with CD (n = 30) had higher serum hepcidin levels (expressed as a median and interquartile range) at diagnosis than subjects with UC (n = 13). These levels significantly decreased during the follow-up (from 36.5 (11.5-79.6) to 2.1 (0.9-6.7) ng/mL). In contrast, no significant serum hepcidin level changes were observed in the UC patients (5.4 (3.4-16.6) vs. 4.8 (0.9-8.1) ng/mL). While hepcidin level changes correlated with disease activity and inflammatory parameters (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein), in CD patients, they correlated only with serum iron levels in patients with UC. Biological therapy was accompanied by a significant decrease in C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 compared to conventional anti-inflammatory therapy in CD patients. CONCLUSIONS: Children with CD had higher serum hepcidin levels on diagnosis compared to subjects with UC. During an anti-inflammatory therapy, serum hepcidin decreased in the CD group but remained consistently low in children with UC.