Magnetic graphene dispersive solid phase extraction combining high performance liquid chromatography for determination of fluoroquinolones in foods

Abstract In this study, a magnetic graphene-based dispersive solid phase extraction method was developed that was combined with high performance liquid chromatography to determine the residues of fluoroquinolone drugs in foods of animal origin. During the experiments, several parameters possible influencing the extraction performance were optimized (amount of magnetic graphene, sample pH, extraction time and elution solution). This extraction method showed high absorption capacities (>6800 ng) and high enrichment factors (68–79-fold) for seven fluoroquinolones. Furthermore, this absorbent could be reused for at least 40 times. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.05–0.3 ng/g, and the recoveries from the standards fortified blank samples (bovine milk, chicken muscle and egg) were in the range of 82.4–108.5%. Therefore, this method could be used as a simple and sensitive tool to determine the residues of fluoroquinolones in foods of animal origin.