No effect of a Combination of Soya Protein and Psyllium on Plasma LDL Cholesterol Levels in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia

s Ann Nutr Metab 2013;62(suppl 2):1–90 2 case-control studies conducted in Northern Italy. The relative risks (RR) for digestive tract neoplasms ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 for the highest compared to the lowest tertile of vegetable intake. Favourable effects were also observed for selected hormone-related neoplasms. Fruit was related to a reduced RRs for cancers of the upper digestive tract, stomach and of the urinary tract. For digestive tract cancers, population attributable risks for low intake of vegetables and fruit ranged between 15 and 40%. Common vegetables and fruits, including garlic and onions, cruciferous vegetables, tomatoes and apples have been specifically related to reduced risk of selected cancer risk. The role of selected antioxidants was also considered. Beta carotene, vitamin E and calcium showed a significant inverse relation with breast cancer risk. For colorectal cancer, the RR reached 0.46 in subjects reporting high calcium/vitamin D and high antioxidant intake. Other aspects of a diet rich in vegetables and fruit in cancer prevention include selected flavonoids and proanthocyanidins and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In Mediterranean populations, a low risk diet for cancer would not only imply increasing fruit and vegetables, but also preferring olive oil to other seasoning fats, particularly saturated ones.