Prevention and Treatment of Posttraumatic Lymphedema by Soft Tissue Reconstruction With Lymphatic Vessels Free Flap: An Observational Study.

Background Extremities soft tissue damage may increase the risk of presenting posttraumatic lymphedema. This type of lymphedema is often ignored in trauma and reconstructive literature. We propose a microsurgical soft tissue reconstruction approach to prevent and/or treat posttraumatic lymphedema. Patients and methods This is a multicentric retrospective observational study. Primary and secondary end points were to prevent and/or treat posttraumatic lymphedema and to achieve a stable soft tissue coverage, respectively. Patients with posttraumatic lymphedema and functional lymphatic channels in the indocyanine green lymphography, and patients with acute soft tissue trauma with lymphatic damage without lymphedema, either to treat and prevent lymphedema, respectively, were included as candidates for soft tissue reconstruction using a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator lymphatic vessels free flap (SCIP-LV). Patients with no pitting edema, fibrosis, or nonfunctional lymphatics channels were excluded. The inguinal lymphatic anatomy was studied with indocyanine green lymphography for designing and in-setting the flap. Results Eleven patients underwent to microsurgical reconstruction with SCIP-LV free flap; minimum follow-up was 12 months. There were no flap failures. In the posttraumatic lymphedema group, the mean reduction of excess volume was 63.01%. Quality of life improved 51.85%. No patients in the acute trauma group developed lymphedema after the preventive microsurgical approach. Conclusions Soft tissue reconstruction with SCIP-LV free flap is an effective approach to prevent and treat posttraumatic lymphedema.