Remote ischemic preconditioning upregulates microRNA-21 to protect the kidney in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common emergencies and severe diseases in the clinic. We sought to verify whether remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has a protective effect on the kidney of child with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. We hypothesized it may be related to the up-regulation of microRNA-21 (miR-21).