Does hydrochlorothiazide prevent recurrent urinary tract infection in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria

Abstract Objective Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC) has been recognized as a common disorder in childhood, and is a major factor in the formation of renal stones and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Since hydrochlorothiazide ameliorates hypercalciuria, we assessed its efficacy in preventing recurrent UTIs in hypercalciuric girls. Materials and methods This research was a single blind randomized clinical trial. One hundred 1‒12-year-old girls, who were followed in pediatric nephrology outpatient clinics of two referral hospitals in Markazi Province of Iran, were recruited. All patients had IHC and at least two UTIs in 1 year, without any underlying anatomic or functional abnormality of urinary tract. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group received instructions regarding general preventive measures for UTI and the other group, in addition to these measures, received 1 mg/kg/day hydrochlorothiazide as morning dose. Then recurrence of UTI in the two groups was evaluated. Results The mean age was 7.28 ± 1.9 years. In both groups, the incidence of UTI recurrence was 66%. Conclusion On the basis of these results, we reject the hypothesis that treating hypercalciuria is beneficial in preventing repeated UTIs. The association between UTIs and IHC needs to be more closely studied and attention to eliminating confounding factors is necessary.