System for grinding rails and collecting dust and grinding wagon

The utility model provides a system for grinding rails and collecting dust and a grinding wagon. The system for grinding the rails and collecting the dust comprises a grinding device and a dust collecting device. The dust collecting device is arranged above the grinding device. The grinding device comprises a box body, multiple grinding heads, and a feeding mechanism which is used for controlling the grinding angles of the grinding heads. The grinding heads and the feeding mechanism are arranged in the box body. An air blasting unit blasts air into the grinding device to blast sparkles and the dust produced by grinding the rails via the grinding device, an air absorbing unit absorbs the sparkles and the dust into a dust filtering unit, later the sparkles and the dust are filtered and deposited in the dust filtering unit, and then the filtered air is discharged outside via an air discharge opening of the air absorbing unit. According to the system and the grinding wagon, because the air blasting unit and the air absorbing unit are arranged, strong air flow produced by the air blasting unit can roll a large amount of dust and change the motion curve of the dust, strong dust collection flow produced by the air absorbing unit can absorb rolled dust and other particles into the dust filtering unit, later the rolled dust and the other particles are filtered and deposited in the dust filtering unit, and then the dust collection efficiency can be further improved.