Applied Theory: Practical Turbulence Estimates

The three key eddies are described in detail, with practical equations to calculate their length, life time, and velocity. The LIKE algorithm is presented to compute key turbulence parameters. Flow regions are defined and represented mathematically for the viscous laminar sublayer and the log laws. Detailed descriptions for calculating y+ are presented. The chapter concludes with a detailed description for dimpling and surface engineering applicable for drag reduction and heat transfer enhancements. Both compressible and incompressible applications are discussed; examples include golf balls, shark skin, vehicle surfaces, heat transfer systems, wings and airfoils, turbulators, and diverse dimple geometries.