Preclinical drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic evaluation of GW844520, a novel anti-malarial mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor†

Abstract GW844520 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the cytochrome bc1 complex of mitochondrial electron transport in P. falciparum , the parasite primarily responsible for the mortality associated with malaria worldwide. GW844520 is fully active against the parasite including resistance isolates, showing no cross resistance with agents in use. To evaluate full potential of this development candidate, we conducted drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of this novel anti-malarial. GW844520 had low blood clearance of about 0.5–4% of hepatic blood flow and a steady-state volume of distribution of 2–4 times total body water in mouse, rat, dog, and monkey. Oral bioavailability was high (51–100%). Consistent with the in vivo data, GW844520 had low intrinsic clearance in liver microsomes and hepatocytes of animal and human origin, high passive cellular permeability and was not a P-glycoprotein substrate. GW844520 did not associate appreciably with blood cells but was highly bound to plasma proteins (>99%) in all species. GW844520 was a substrate and inhibitor of human CYP2D6 but not of CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4. This conjunctive analysis supports continued evaluation of this compound in definitive pre-IND studies and exemplifies our strategy supporting the discovery of novel agents to treat diseases of the developing world.