Nonlinear properties of barium titanate in the electric field range 0≤E≤5.5×07 V/m

X-ray structural studies and dielectric measurements of BaTiO3 single crystals were performed in the dc electric field range 0≤E≤5.5×107 V/m. The field dependence of the tetragonal cell parameter obtained was used to calculate the field dependence of the piezoelectric modulus d33. The piezoelectric modulus d33 and the dielectric permittivity vary in magnitude by a factor of two with the field varied in the above range. The observed nonlinear behavior is shown to fit well to a relation connecting the dielectric with the electromechanical characteristics of the crystal.