Serum antimüllerian hormone concentration increases with ovarian endometrioma size

Objective To examine whether serum antimullerian hormone (AMH) levels correlate with the size of ovarian endometrioma (OMA). Design An observational cross-sectional study. Setting A university hospital. Patient(s) Two hundred and sixty-seven nonpregnant women, aged 18–42 years, with no prior history of surgery for endometriosis and a histologically documented ovarian cyst. Intervention(s) Surgical management for a benign ovarian cyst. Main Outcome Measure(s) Correlation between serum AMH concentration and cyst size according to OMA and non-OMA benign cyst. Result(s) Women with OMA were compared with a control group of women who had non-OMA benign ovarian cysts. The AMH assay samples were collected less than a month before the surgery. Between January 2004 and September 2016, 148 women were allocated to the OMA group and 119 to the non-OMA benign cyst group. The AMH concentrations were not statistically significantly different between the two groups (3.7 ± 2.8 ng/mL vs. 4.1 ± 3.3 ng/mL). A multiple linear regression model accounting for potential confounders revealed that the log10 of the serum AMH concentration positively correlated with the log10 of the OMA cyst volume (R 2 = 0.23; coefficient=0.05; 95% CI, 0.007–0.10). Conclusion(s) In women no prior history of surgery for endometriosis, serum AMH levels increased with cyst size in cases of OMA.