Considerations for Human-Machine Teaming in Cybersecurity.

Understanding cybersecurity in an environment is uniquely challenging due to highly dynamic and potentially-adversarial activity. At the same time, the stakes are high for performance during these tasks: failures to reason about the environment and make decisions can let attacks go unnoticed or worsen the effects of attacks. Opportunities exist to address these challenges by more tightly integrating computer agents with human operators. In this paper, we consider implications for this integration during three stages that contribute to cyber analysts developing insights and conclusions about their environment: data organization and interaction, toolsmithing and analytic interaction, and human-centered assessment that leads to insights and conclusions. In each area, we discuss current challenges and opportunities for improved human-machine teaming. Finally, we present a roadmap of research goals for advanced human-machine teaming in cybersecurity operations.