Frequency regulation strategy for private EVs participating in integrated power system of REs considering adaptive Markov transition probability

Abstract The active power imbalance caused by renewable energies (REs) and loads is usually viewed as a main reason for the grid frequency variation. Private electric vehicles (EVs) participating in integrated power system frequency regulation of REs has great realistic significance, the bidirectional wireless power transfer system for EVs is analyzed in this paper, a fuzzy adaptive PI controller is proposed to achieve the charge and discharge control of EVs at any power value. Then a Markov model with adaptive Markov transition probability is developed to analyze the stochastic distribution of EVs. Considering the basic travel demands of the owners and the EV battery state of charge (SOC), a new advanced frequency regulation strategy is further proposed, and the regulation ability of EVs is quantitatively described. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed frequency regulation strategy is verified by simulation results.