Cardiac-triggered and segmented two-dimensional mr angiography of peripheral arterial occlusive disease

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography has been gold standard for providing the anatomic information necessary to plan surgical and interventional therapy, shown to be an important technique to image the vasculature of the lower extremities. The two-dimenmagnetic resonance (MR) angiography is a noninvasive technique that provides cross-sectional data without sional (2D) time-of-flight technique has evolved as the standard method of MR angiography used to exrisks related to arterial puncture and intravascular contrast material. MR angiography has been limited by amine patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). There is evidence that cardiac trigseveral technical problems, including image degradation by ghost artifacts from pulsatile flow, in-plane satgering substantially improves the quality of 2D timeof-flight angiography. In this pictorial essay, we deuration of flowing spins, and the prohibitive amount of time required for high-resolution, comprehensive imscribe PAOD, show the results of this nonintrusive angiographic technique, and provide a current overaging (1). Two-dimensional (2D) MR angiography, which combines a segmented tracking saturation acview of the interventional and surgical management of PAOD.  Elsevier Science Inc., 1998 quisition with cardiac-triggering to optimize flow enhancement, can overcome many limitations encountered with phase-contrast or standard time-of-flight MR