Arteriovenous Fistulas for Hemodialysis: Application of High-Frequency US to Assess Vein Wall Morphology for Cannulation Readiness

Our findings indicate that high-frequency US can be used to assess arteriovenous fistula venous wall intima-media thickness and hoop stress thresholds to predict cannulation readiness to maximize successful cannulation and avert fistula damage by premature cannulation.