Nanocellulose for gel electrophoresis

Abstract Hypothesis Cellulose nanofibres produced by TEMPO-mediated oxidation can form gels. This study presents a proof-of-concept for gel electrophoresis with nanocellulose (NC). Experiments TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibre dispersion is chemically cross-linked by inducing amide linkages to produce gel slabs for electrophoretic separation. Nanocellulose gel slabs 1 cm thick containing Tris/Borate/EDTA (TBE) buffer were casted. Different cross-linker types and ratios are investigated to assess the migration of conventional electrophoresis tracking dyes. Findings Tracking dyes (bromophenol blue and orange G) can diffuse within the gel at different rates and therefore separate. Changing the cross-linker length from EDA to HMDA (C2- to C6-chain) increases the overall network pore size resulting in a faster migration rate for both bromophenol blue and orange G. Increasing the cross-linker concentration stabilises the HMDA-NC gel (no extension) during the electrophoresis run without any effect on the dye migration rate. Increasing the voltage increases the migration rates for both orange G and bromophenol blue. Further development is required to cast the gels evenly and to prevent bubble formation during the cross-linking process. This will enable to effectively separate mixtures of proteins. Nanocellulose gels can become a novel substrate for sustainable biomedical separation and diagnostics by electrophoresis.