万瓦级高功率激光焊接时金属蒸气与熔池耦合行为研究现状 Review on Coupling Behavior between Metallic Vapor and Molten Pool during 10 kW Level High Power Laser Welding

高功率激光焊接技术是实现厚板连接的先进技术，在现代装备制造中具有广阔的应用前景。本文分别从试验研究和理论仿真研究综述了高功率激光深熔焊接厚板过程中激光与材料的相互作用特征、蒸气与熔池相互作用规律和机理。在高功率激光深熔焊接时，由于各种不稳定因素包括焊接参数的变化，引起焊接小孔内激光能量分布的变化，从而改变局部材料的气化率，使得小孔内气流状态发生改变，蒸气流体与熔池流体之间的力平衡关系发生改变，促使孔壁和熔池的波动。实现良好焊接效果和焊接质量的前提是必须保证焊接蒸气和熔池流动状态的稳定性，控制焊接小孔的动态平衡，从而实现稳定的焊接过程。 High power laser welding technology is an advanced technology to realize thick plate connection, and has broad application prospects in modern equipment manufacturing. In this paper, the in-teraction characteristics of laser and materials, the interaction law between vapor and molten pool and its mechanism during high power laser deep penetration welding of thick plate were summarized from experimental research and theoretical simulation. In high power laser welding, due to various unstable factors including the change of welding parameters, the energy distribution of laser beam was changed inside the keyhole, thus the local material gasification rate was changed. Then the flow state inside the keyhole was changed from equilibrium between the vapor fluid and the molten pool to the unequilibrium. Thus, the keyhole wall and the molten pool became to fluctuate. The premise of achieving good welding quality is to ensure the stability of the vapor flow and molten pool state, and control the dynamic balance of the welding hole.