Real-World Outcomes of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-based Study, 2011-2015

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy originating from myeloid precursor cells. AML patients with different cytogenetic abnormalities and genetic mutations have diverse clinical prognoses. However, limited data has been reported regarding clinical profiles of AML patients in “real-world” settings, particularly in Asia. Our study thus investigates the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes of adult AML patients in Taiwan. From Taiwan's Cancer Registry Database, we identified 3292 AML patients (66.2% of them received induction chemotherapy) between 2001-2005. Approximately 70% of (n=1535) treated AML patients received standard-dose cytarabine with anthracycline. Treated AML patients had a longer overall survival (OS) than untreated patients (12.43 vs 2.03 months, P value Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy originating from myeloid precursor cells. AML patients with different cytogenetic abnormalities and genetic mutations have diverse clinical prognoses. Our study shows the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes of adult AML patients in Taiwan. We retrospectively included 3851 AML patients from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database from 2011 to 2015. We excluded patients younger than 20 years, patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, and patients without pathological confirmation. Among the 3292 patients included, 2179 patients received induction chemotherapy, and 1113 patients did not because of older age and higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score. Among the 2179 treated patients, 162 patients received high-dose cytarabine-based chemotherapy, 1535 patients received standard-dose cytarabine with anthracycline, 209 patients received low-dose cytarabine (LDAC)-based chemotherapy, and 273 patients received chemotherapy without cytarabine. Patients in the LDAC group had the oldest age and highest CCI scores compared with other groups. In the analysis of overall survival (OS), the median OS of the whole study population was 6.27 months. Treated AML patients had a longer OS than untreated patients (treated vs. not treated, 12.43 vs 2.03 months, P value