Precise hepatectomy in the intelligent digital era

In the past 20 years, the concept of surgery has undergone profound changes. Surgical practice has shifted from emphasizing the complete elimination of lesions to achieving optimal rehabilitation in patients. Collaborative optimization of surgery consists of three core elements, removal of lesions, organ protection and injury close monitoring, and controlled surgical intervention. As a result, the traditional surgical paradigm has quietly transformed into a modern precision surgical paradigm. In this review, we summarized the latest breakthroughs and applications of precision medicine in liver surgery. In addition, we also outlined the progresses that have been made in precision liver surgery, the opportunities and challenges that may encountered in the future.