Dietary Vitamin A Dose Dependently Regulates BMP4 and WNT7A in Hair Follicles
2017
Hair cycles through a growing phase (anagen), apoptosis phase (categen), and resting phase (telogen). Telogen is further divided into refractory and competent telogen based on bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) expression. BMP4 inhibits anagen induction by directly inhibiting wingless-related MMTV integration site 7A (WNT7A) and other WNTs. Transient activation of WNT signaling in hair follicle stem cells triggers anagen induction; while sustained WNT signaling activation in hair follicle stem cells leads to skin cancer. Previously, we localized a complete set of proteins involved in retinoic acid (RA) synthesis and signaling to the hair follicle, whose expression changed throughout the hair cycle. We also found that dietary vitamin A altered the hair cycle in a dose dependent manner. The purpose of this study was to further define these hair cycle changes. We initially examined localization of RA synthesis proteins retinal dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH1A2), cellular RA binding protein 2 (CRABP2), RA degradation...
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