Epidemiological and clinical aspects of carcinoma in situ of the testis.

Despite the high cure rate in men with testicular cancer, efforts should be made to diagnose the disease at the preinvasive stage. The disease, which affects young males, is potentially lethal. Furthermore, testicular neoplasia diagnosed at the stage of CIS can be cured without the negative impact on the life-quality of the survivors, as chemotherapy and other systemic treatment can be avoided. The treatment of choice is orchidectomy if the neoplasia is unilateral, or localized irradiation in bilateral cases. Testicular biopsy peformed after puberty is at present the only reliable diagnostic method