Prótesis unicompartimental lateral de rodilla: indicaciones, técnica y resultados a medio-corto plazo

2014 
espanolObjetivos: En los casos de gonartrosis del compartimento lateral, la protesis unicompartimental es una de las alternativas quirurgicas utilizadas, por el menor traumatismo que supone, corta estancia hospitalaria y rapida recuperacion del paciente. Este estudio revisa nuestros casos. Material y metodo: Se describe la tecnica utilizada y la protesis implantada (polietileno movil biconcavo, OXFORD DOMED). Estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo de 15 casos intervenidos entre 2010 y 2013, 13 mujeres y 2 hombres, con una media de edad de 60?7 anos, con diagnostico de gonartrosis monocompartimental externa, sin afectacion del compartimento medial ni femororrotuliano y con ligamentos cruzados indemnes, con un seguimiento medio de 25 meses. Se les ha pasado escalas de funcionalidad y satisfaccion. Resultados: Los resultados son favorables, con una mejoria de 6,60 puntos en la escala de EVA, de 3,73 sobre 1 en la funcion postoperatoria, muy satisfactorios en la OKS con una media de 38 puntos sobre 50, sin necesidad de ninguna revision quirurgica. Observamos tendinitis anserina en un 20% de los casos. Conclusiones: Se valoran los benefi cios de esta cirugia frente a sus alternativas, asi como de sus posibles inconvenientes. La artroplastia de rodilla unicompartimental externa es una alternativa efi caz en casos de gonartrosis confi nada al compartimento lateral sin otras lesiones asociadas. EnglishObjectives: In patients with lateral osteoarthritis of the knee, use of external unicompartmental knee arthroplasty it is a well known surgical alternative, used by the minor trauma involved, short hospital stay and rapid recovery. The purpose of this study is to show the clinical outcomes to short-medium term of patients undergoing this procedure. Methods: we describe the technique used and the peculiarities of the prosthesis (A Mobile-bearing lateral unicompartmental knee replacement, Oxford Domed ®). This is an observational retrospective longitudinal study, of 15 arthroplasties performed in 13 women and 2 men, between 2010 and 2013, with a mean age of 60�7 years, with a diagnosis of lateral osteoarthritis of the knee, without involvement of the medial or patellofemoral compartment and cruciate ligaments functionally intact, with a mean follow up of 25 months. All patients complete the Oxford Knee Score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) during the study. Results: The results are favorable, with an improvement of 6.60 points on the EVA, 3.73 for 1 in the postoperatory funcionality, the OKS very satisfactory with an average of 38 points over 50 and without any postoperative function surgical revision. Anserine tendinitis was observed in 20% of cases. Conclusions: The benefi ts of this surgery against their alternatives are assessed, and their potential drawbacks. External unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is an effective alternative in cases of knee osteoarthritis of the lateral compartment with no other associated injuries.
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