Programmed cell death in Bradysia hygida (Diptera, Sciaridae) salivary glands presents apoptotic features

In this work, we present biochemical and morphological evidence that the final steps of programmed cell death (PCD) in the salivary glands of the inferior Diptera, Bradysia hygida, present apoptotic characteristics. In B. hygida, elimination of salivary glands is preceded by the establishment of a typical pattern of protein synthesis; increase in caspase activity; decrease in cell volume; nuclear pyknosis; nuclear DNA breakage; changes in the actin cytoskeleton; and most importantly, destruction of giant cells via formation of apoptotic bodies containing broken DNA or cytoplasm remains. Thus, elimination of B. hygida salivary glands by this process suggests that such mode of PCD is also involved in the destruction of entire organs in insects and, therefore, adds more complexity to the regulation of tissue elimination during development. genesis 40:22–31, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.