A Review on Outdoor Parking Systems Using Feasibility of Mobile Sensors

An efficient outdoor parking system is a crucial need for smart cities to monitor the occupancy of outdoor parking. Currently, there are many external sensors-based parking systems available for indoor parking. These external sensors either need to be installed at the parking slot or attached with vehicles at fixed positions. Hence, the deployment cost is very high for such implementation. Due to high cost and complex network configuration, external sensors are not preferred for Smart Outdoor Parking Systems (SOPS). Several SOPS have been deployed to solve outdoor parking problems. Understanding existing SOPS approaches is essential to develop a robust and effective outdoor parking system. In this paper, we present a review of the various SOPS. We have addressed the most important aspects including technical, economical, accuracy, open issues and challenges of the existing SOPS. Based on the review, a recommendation has been proposed to improve outdoor parking system.